Toxicological Data on Ingredients: Sodium metabisulfite: ORAL (LD50): Acute: 1131 mg/kg [Rat]. DERMAL (LD50): Acute: >2000 mg/kg [Rat]. >1000 mg/kg [Guinea pig].

3: Hazards Identification

Potential Acute Health Effects:

Hazardous in case of skin contact (irritant), of ingestion, of inhalation. Slightly hazardous in case of skin contact (permeator), of eye contact (irritant).

Potential Chronic Health Effects:

Slightly hazardous in case of skin contact (sensitizer), of ingestion, of inhalation (lung irritant). CARCINOGENIC EFFECTS: 3 (Not classifiable for human.) by IARC.

MUTAGENIC EFFECTS: Mutagenic for bacteria and/or yeast.

TERATOGENIC EFFECTS: Not available.

DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY: Not available. The substance may be toxic to upper respiratory tract,

skin, eyes. Repeated or prolonged exposure to the substance can produce target organs damage.

4: First Aid Measures

Eye Contact:

Check for and remove any contact lenses. In case of contact, immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. Cold water may be used. Get medical attention immediately.

Skin Contact:

In case of contact, immediately flush skin with plenty of water. Cover the irritated skin with an emollient. Remove contaminated clothing and shoes. Cold water may be used. Wash clothing before reuse. Thoroughly clean shoes before reuse. Get medical attention.

Serious Skin Contact:

Wash with a disinfectant soap and cover the contaminated skin with an anti-bacterial cream. Seek immediate medical attention.

Inhalation:

If inhaled, remove to fresh air. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. Get medical attention.

Serious Inhalation:

Not available.

Ingestion:

Do NOT induce vomiting unless directed to do so by medical personnel. Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. If large quantities of this material are swallowed, call a physician immediately. Loosen tight clothing such as a collar, tie, belt or waistband.

Serious Ingestion: Not available.

5: Fire and Explosion Data

Flammability of the Product:                                                       Non-flammable.

Auto-Ignition Temperature:                                                        Not applicable.

Flash Points:                                                                                       Not applicable.

Flammable Limits:                                                                            Not applicable.

Products of Combustion:                                                              Not available.

Fire Hazards in Presence of Various Substances:                 Not applicable.

Explosion Hazards in Presence of Various Substances:

Risks of explosion of the product in presence of mechanical impact: Not available.

Risks of explosion of the product in presence of static discharge: Not available.

Fire Fighting Media and Instructions:                                       Not applicable.

Special Remarks on Fire Hazards:

When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of SOx, Na2O. Decomposes on heating to form sodium sulphate

Special Remarks on Explosion Hazards:                                   Not available.

6: Accidental Release Measures

Small Spill:

Use appropriate tools to put the spilled solid in a convenient waste disposal container. Finish cleaning by spreading water on the contaminated surface and dispose of according to local and regional authority requirements.

Large Spill:

Use a shovel to put the material into a convenient waste disposal container. Finish cleaning by spreading water on the contaminated surface and allow to evacuate through the sanitary system. Be careful that the product is not present at a concentration level above TLV. Check TLV on the MSDS and with local authorities.

7: Handling and Storage

Precautions:

Keep locked up. Do not ingest. Do not breathe dust. Avoid contact with skin. Wear suitable protective clothing. In case of insufficient ventilation, wear suitable respiratory equipment. If ingested, seek medical advice immediately and show the container or the label. Keep away from incompatibles such as oxidizing agents, acids.

Storage:

Keep container tightly closed. Keep container in a cool, well-ventilated area. Moisture sensitive. Air Sensitive

8: Exposure Controls/Personal Protection

Engineering Controls:

Use process enclosures, local exhaust ventilation, or other engineering controls to keep airborne levels below recommended exposure limits. If user operations generate dust, fume or mist, use ventilation to keep exposure to airborne contaminants below the exposure limit.

Personal Protection: Safety glasses. Lab coat. Dust respirator. Be sure to use an approved/certified respirator or equivalent. Gloves.

Personal Protection in Case of a Large Spill:

Splash goggles. Full suit. Dust respirator. Boots. Gloves. A self-contained breathing apparatus should be used to avoid inhalation of the product. Suggested protective clothing might not be sufficient; consult a specialist BEFORE handling this product.

Exposure Limits:

TWA: 5 (mg/m3) [United Kingdom (UK)] TWA: 5 (mg/m3) from ACGIH (TLV) [United States] TWA: 5 (mg/m3) from NIOSH [United States] Consult local authorities for acceptable exposure limits.

9: Physical and Chemical Properties

Physical state and appearance:                               Solid. (Crystals solid or Powdered solid.)

Odour:                                                                                  odour of sulphur dioxide

Taste:                                                                                    Not available.

Molecular Weight:                                                           190.13 g/mole

Colour:                                                                                 White to yellowish.

pH (1% soln/water):                                                        4.3 [Acidic.]

Boiling Point:                                                                     Not available.

Melting Point: Decomposition temperature:        150°C (302°F)

Critical Temperature:                                                     Not available.

Specific Gravity:                                                                1.4 (Water = 1)

Vapor Pressure:                                                                Not applicable.

Vapor Density:                                                                   Not available.

Volatility:                                                                             Not available.

Odour Threshold:                                                             Not available.

Water/Oil Dist. Coeff.:                                                   Not available.

Iconicity (in Water):                                                         Not available.

Dispersion Properties:                                                    See solubility in water.

Solubility:

Easily soluble in cold water, hot water. Freely soluble in glycerol. Slightly soluble in alcohol. Moderately soluble in ethanol.

10: Stability and Reactivity Data

Stability:                                                                               The product is stable.

Instability Temperature:                                               Not available.

Conditions of Instability:                                               Incompatible materials, heat, moisture, air, dust generation.

Incompatibility with various substances:                Reactive with oxidizing agents, acids.

Corrosivity:                                                                         Non-corrosive in presence of glass.

Special Remarks on Reactivity:

Moisture sensitive Air sensitive. It slowly oxidizes to sodium sulphate upon exposure to air and moisture. Incompatible with sodium nitrite

Special Remarks on Corrosivity:                                  Not available.

Polymerization:                                                                 Will not occur.

11: Toxicological Information

Routes of Entry: Inhalation. Ingestion.

Toxicity to Animals: Acute oral toxicity (LD50): 1131 mg/kg [Rat]. Acute dermal toxicity (LD50): >1000 mg/kg [Guinea pig].

Chronic Effects on Humans: CARCINOGENIC EFFECTS: 3 (Not classifiable for human.) by IARC.

MUTAGENIC EFFECTS: Mutagenic for bacteria and/or yeast. May cause damage to the following organs: upper respiratory tract, skin, eyes.

Other Toxic Effects on Humans:Hazardous in case of skin contact (irritant), of ingestion, of inhalation. Slightly hazardous in case of skin contact (permeator).

Special Remarks on Toxicity to Animals: Not available.

Special Remarks on Chronic Effects on Humans: May affect genetic material (mutagenic) based on animal test data. May cause adverse reproductive effects based on animal test data.

Special Remarks on other Toxic Effects on Humans:

Acute Potential Health Effects:

Skin: May cause skin irritation.

Eyes: May cause eye irritation.

Inhalation: May cause respiratory tract irritation with coughing and wheezing.

Ingestion: May be harmful if swallowed. May cause gastrointestinal tract irritation irritation with abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, violent colic, and possible gastri haemorrhaging. May affect behaviour/central nervous system and cause central nervous system depression/seizures. It may also affect the cardiovascular system (hypotension, tachycardia, cardiovascular collapse), Ingestion of sulphite compounds may cause a severe allergic reaction (anaphylactoid symptoms) in sensitive individuals and some asthmatics.

Chronic Potential Health Effects: Skin: Prolonged or repeated skin contact may cause allergic dermatitis. Ingestion: Prolonged or repeated ingestion may affect the liver, urinary system, and metabolism (weight loss). Future exposures may also cause asthma like allergy with coughing,

shortness of breath, wheezing and/or chest tightness. Inhalation: Prolonged or repeated inhalation may irritate the lungs, may cause bronchitis to develop with cough, phlegm and/or shortness of breath.

12: Ecological Information

Ecotoxicity: Not available.

BOD5 and COD: Not available.

Products of Biodegradation: Possibly hazardous short-term degradation products are not likely. However, long term degradation products may arise.

Toxicity of the Products of Biodegradation: The products of degradation are less toxic than the product itself.

Special Remarks on the Products of Biodegradation: Not available.

13: Disposal Considerations

Waste Disposal: Waste must be disposed of in accordance with federal, state and local environmental control regulations.

14: Transport Information

DOT Classification: Not a DOT controlled material (United States).

Identification: Not applicable.

Special Provisions for Transport: Not applicable.

15: Other Regulatory Information

Other Regulations:

OSHA: Hazardous of Hazard Communication Standard (29 CFR 1910.1200). EINECS: This product is on the European Inventory of Existing Commercial Chemical Substances.

Protective Equipment:Gloves. Lab coat. Dust respirator. Be sure to use an approved/certified respirator or equivalent. Wear appropriate respirator when ventilation is inadequate. Safety glasses.

16: Other Information

References: Not available.

Other Special Considerations: Not available.

EXCLUSION OF LIABILITY

All information and instructions provided in this Material Safety Data Sheet in respect of the substance is given solely in terms of the provisions of the Occupational Health and Safety Act No 85 of 1993 and Regulations (“the Act”), is based on scientific and technical knowledge as at the date indicated on this MS Material Safety Data Sheet and is presented in good faith to be correct.

The information and instructions provided in this MSDS apply only to the substance in its present form and not to any formulation or mix, in which event it is the sole responsibility of the user of the substance as formulated and/or mixed to investigate and establish any danger which may arise out of its use, wherever such user may be situated.

It is the sole responsibility of the person in receipt of this Material Safety Data Sheet wherever such recipient may be situated, to ensure that the information provided is communicated to and understood by any person who may come in contact with the substance in any place and in any manner whatsoever. If such recipient produces formulations or mixes using the substance, then it is such recipient’s sole responsibility to comply with the provisions of the Act in respect of the provision of the necessary Material Safety Data Sheet, or to comply with any other applicable legislation.